What is an example of a human user utilizing an authentication backend?

The choice of a human user utilizing an authentication backend is represented by the case of a human user using LDAP or Active Directory. This is because both LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) and Active Directory serve as authentication backends that facilitate user verification and access control based on established identity management systems.

When a human user logs into Vault using these backends, they are being authenticated through centralized directory services that manage user credentials and roles. This process allows Vault to trust the identity provided by LDAP or Active Directory, making it possible for the user to access the resources and secrets managed by Vault according to the policies defined for them.

In contrast, while a user accessing the Vault CLI does involve human interaction with Vault, it does not specifically indicate the use of an authentication backend without additional context. Similarly, a system administrator deploying a web application typically focuses on infrastructure rather than user authentication directly, and a developer using API keys involves a different mechanism of access that bypasses human user authentication through a backend. Therefore, the scenario involving a human user utilizing LDAP or Active Directory distinctly identifies the process of leveraging an authentication backend effectively.